航空钛合金的激光冲击研究

介绍了用激光冲击处理航空材料钛合金TC4提高其力学性能的技术.当利用强激光冲击钛合金表面时,涂层表面形成高幅值冲击波.在冲击波的高压作用下,钛合金表面发生微塑性变形,形成高幅值残余压应力层.激光冲击后,表面压应力层厚度达1 mm以上,压应力达200 MPa以上.随着激光能量的增加,冲击区域的残余应力有增大的趋势,在功率密度由1 GW/cm2增加到5 GW/cm2过程中,其冲击波峰值处的压力线性增加,表面最大残余压应力也相应线性增加;在功率密度为2 GW/cm2时,残余压应力随着次数增加而升高,而且表面硬度也大大提高,从而有效地改善了材料的机械性能,大幅度提高航空材料的疲劳寿命和抗应力腐蚀性能.     

机器人奇异形位分析及协调控制方法

把6R机器人奇异形位分为边界奇异、内部奇异、结构边界奇异和腕部奇异，分析了这些奇异形位的形成条件，并对每一种奇异进行了计算机仿真。在深入分析奇异边界构成的基础上，给出了内部奇异直观的计算机图形仿真结果，克服了以往笼统而欠实用描述方法的不足。通过分析J^-1(J为Jacobian矩阵）提出了采用协调控制法回避机械手奇异形位的理论及在线实时控制方法。     

基于Voronoi图的机器人复杂装配新策略

提出了一种基于Voronoi图技术的机器人复杂装配的新策略；在机器人装配研究中引入形象思维方式，即集成Voronoi图技术；装配知识的表示采用Voronoi图方式，通过Voronoi分析对机器人复杂装配过程进行有效规划，从而形成机器人关于装配过程的所有过程；机器人于通过力觉和力控制来感知装配件之间的精确物理关系，并调整装配件的位姿，实施基于Voronoi图知识的机器人装配，实验证明，该方法是有效的。     

紫外辐照纳米尺度TiO2薄膜亲水性转变的机理

用喇曼散射光谱、扫描隧道显微学（STM）和接触角等分析方法研究了纳米尺度TiO2薄膜经365nm波长紫外辐照后的疏水－亲水转变机理。实验中观察到氧空位和OH基团的喇曼峰。用STM进行薄膜结构分析，观察到TiO2表面金红石相到锐钛矿相的结构转变。研究结果表明，纳米尺度TiO2薄膜的光致亲水性强烈地依赖于其独特的表面微结构的变化。     

Formation of substitutional metallofullerenes by laser ablation of externally doped fullerenes C60M x (M=Sm, Pt, Ni and Rh)

Photofragmentation study of metal fullerides C₆₀M _x (M = Sm, Pt, Ni and Rh) by excimer laser ablation-TOF mass spectrometry shows that metallofullerenes C_2n M and C_2n+1M formed in both the positive and negative ionic modes. The isotopic distributions of the metallofullerenes C_2n M and C_2n+1M are consistent with the calculated spectra based on the natural abundance of isotopes of C and M, confirming the formation of metallofullerenes. The metal atom is supposed to be incorporated into the network of the fullerene cage to replace one carbon atom of the cage forming substitutional metallofullerene. Odd-numbered high carbon clusters are observed in our laser ablation study of all the metal fullerides in the negative ion channel. Evolution of mass spectrum with irradiation laser shots shows that the formation of the substitutionally doped fullerenes is closely related to the production of metal carbide (MC). The structures, as well as formation mechanism, of metallofullerenes C_2n+1M and C_2n M with even and odd numbers of total atoms respectively are discussed based on the structural optimization of the odd-numbered high carbon clusters.     

Construction of multivalent DNA vaccines forMycobacterium tuberculosis and its immunogenicity

The coding regions of Ag85B MPT-64, and ESAT-6 secreted proteins were cloned initially into the eukaryotic expression vector pJW4303, then transformed to E. coli Top 10 strain for plasmid DNA extraction and further analysis. Plasmids containing the right insertion were sequenced to confirm their identity. COS7 cells were transfected with a mixture containing serially diluted plasmid DNA encoding three secreted proteins and Lipofectin (Gibco). The supernatants and pellets prepared from various cell lines were run on SDS-PAGE gel and the expression of these proteins in COS7 cells were demonstrated by immunoblot using polyclonal or monoclonal antiserum of M.TBH37Rv. 21 days after first vaccination of C57BL-6 mice by all three recombinant eukaryotic expressing vectors, antibody titer for Ag85B reached 1∶3200. 21 days after second vaccination, the antibody titer reached 1∶102400. The highest antibody levels induced by multivalent vaccines after the second injection were equal to or even greater than the highest antibody levels of single DNA vaccine reported in literature after third injections. Antibody titer of MPT-64 was 1∶50 after the first injection and it reached 1∶200 after the second injection. No antigen-specific antibody against ESAT-6 was detected in sera harvested from immunized mice 21 days after both injections. Antigen-specific IFN-g level of Ag85B was 110 pg/mL while no antigen-specific IFN- g level of ESAT-6 and MPT-64 was detected even after third injections. To our knowledge, it is the first time that studies of polyvalent recombinant DNA vaccines against TB were carried out in C57BL-6 mice. Our results indicated that multiple DNA vaccines could be used to enhance protective responses against M.TB.     

NaOH/KOH二元体系蓄热性能的研究

对NaOH/KON二元体系蓄热性能进行了实验研究，分析 相变材料（PCM）的熔解和凝固等现象，获得了二元体系组成对相变点的影响曲线图，计算了PCM的固－固相变潜热和分别处于液相，混相和固相状态时的导热系数。实验表明，二元体系的相变包括固－液相变和固－固相变，这两倍分的相变潜热值较大；相变过程中会有空穴的产生和不凝气体的存在；NaOH/KOH二元体系导热系数的实验值小于理论值，这在实际工作中应加以考虑。     

竞技游泳出发台出发过程中各影响因素的量化分析

运用物理学知识建立了游泳出发过程的数学模型。采用优化算法求得出发过程的最佳参数，并对出发台出发过程中的各影响因素进行了灵敏度分析，确定了各影响因素的主次关系，为制定科学的训练计划提供了依据。     

不完全投影据图像重建的最小交叉熵算法

提出图像重建的最小交叉熵算法,详细推导了算法的有关公式,并给出程序实现框图.计算机模拟结果表明:最小交叉熵算法的性能优于最大熵算法.     

电弧放电法快速合成金刚石薄膜

本文用电弧放电等离子体ＣＶＤ快速生长金刚石薄膜。用拉曼散射，Ｘ射线衍射、电子显微镜等方法进行了结构表征。文中所论述的恒定的基板温度对沉积金刚石薄膜是非常重要的。